Quantum Game-Theoretic Modeling for Secure Routing in 7G Wireless Sensor and Ad Hoc Networks
Abstract
In prospective 7G wireless sensor networks and ad hoc networks involving decentralized operation and possibly malicious nodes, secure routing is an important problem affecting the reliability of the communication. In this study, a Quantum Game-Theoretic Secure Routing (QGTSR) framework is proposed, in which the route selection problem is modeled as a defender–attacker minimax problem. Security risk, delay, energy cost and hop count are used to evaluate candidate routes; a quantum-inspired amplitude representation is used to generate probabilistic strategies for route selection. It is tested with the aid of Monte Carlo simulation in MATLAB, based on a 50-node network with a malicious-node ratio of 10%, initial node energy of 2 J, and a packet generation rate of 5 packets/s for a 500 × 500 m² region. Thirty independent simulation runs are examined and QGTSR is compared to Shortest-Path Routing (SPR) and Classical Game-Theoretic Routing (CGTR). The performance is evaluated as the packet delivery ratio, secure route selection ratio, end to end delay, average energy consumption and routing overhead. The average end-to-end delay for QGTSR is 44.7ms, the average number of packets delivered is 94.1%, the average number of secure-route selections is 93.0%, the average energy consumption is 0.37J, and the average routing overhead is 20.2% under the considered numerical conditions. The results showed a good security–performance balance instead of absolute superiority for all metrics. The results are derived from a controlled simulation, and show the computational feasibility of the mathematical framework proposed, but do not show experimental results for 7G or quantum network performance.
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